ILAI

ILAI
ILAI (c. 100 C.E.), tanna. His name is apparently an abbreviation of Eleazar. He is sometimes referred to as Ilai the Elder to distinguish him from an amora of the same name (Ḥag. 16a).   He was the father of the well-known tanna Judah b. Ilai, and his principal teacher was Eliezer b. Hyrcanus, and the Tosefta comments: "Because Judah was the son of Ilai, and Ilai the pupil of Eliezer, Judah teaches the Mishnah of Eliezer" (Tosef., Zev. 2:17). Ilai transmitted several statements of Eliezer, some in the latter's name (Er. 2:6), others anonymously (cf. Ḥal. 1:6; Tosef., ibid., 1:6; et al.). He also studied under R. Joshua, R. Eleazar b. Azariah, and R. Ishmael (Tosef., Pe'ah 3:2; Git. 6b). Ilai is responsible for the halakhah that the laws governing the first fleece sheared from the sheep (Deut. 18:4) do not apply to countries outside Ereẓ Israel (Ḥul. 136a), and his view was adopted in Babylonia in the fourth century (ibid., 136b). His aggadic statements include: "If a man sees that his evil inclination is getting the better of him, he should go to a place where he is unknown, put on black clothes, wrap himself in black garments, and do what his heart desires; but let him not publicly profane the Name of Heaven" (Ḥag. 16a). He also said: "A person's character can be told by three things: by his cup, by his purse, and by his anger" (be-khoso, be-khiso, u-ve-kha'aso; Er. 65b). -BIBLIOGRAPHY: Frankel, Mishnah, 139f.; Hyman, Toledot, 142f.; Epstein, Tanna'im, 67. (Yitzhak Dov Gilat)

Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971.

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